Fitter People Are More Likely to Survive Cancer

By Adebowale Bello. B.Tech Microbiology, Freelance Health Writer.. Medically reviewed by: A. Odutola, MBBS., PhD, FRCSEd.

Man using weight dumbbell for muscle strengthening.

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, including in Africa, where healthcare challenges often make treatment and survival even more complex. However, a recent study has revealed a promising factor that could improve survival rates among cancer patients—physical fitness. Specifically, muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have been linked to a lower risk of death from all causes and cancer-related deaths.

About The Study

This study analysed data from 42 published studies up to 2023 involving over 46,000 cancer patients. It set out to see if muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness might be associated with a lower risk of death, and whether cancer type and stage might be influential..

What the Study Found

The study found that cancer patients with high muscle strength or CRF showed the following:

• 31–46% lower risk of dying from any cause compared to those with low fitness levels.
• 18% reduction in cancer-specific deaths.
• 11% reduction in death risk for every small increase in muscle strength.
• 8–46% reduction in all-cause mortality from advanced cancer stages.
• 19–41% reduction in death risk for lung and digestive cancers.

These numbers clearly suggest that maintaining or improving physical fitness can have a significant impact on survival, regardless of the stage or type of cancer.

While the study showed a strong association between physical or CRF fitness  and improved cancer survival, it did not show that the improved cancer survival was caused by either physical or CRF.

How Fitness Improves Survival for Cancer Patients

Muscle strength refers to the ability of muscles to exert force. It is typically measured by exercises like grip strength, leg presses or weightlifting. Stronger muscles indicate better overall physical condition and resilience. 

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), on the other hand, refers to how well the heart, lungs and blood vessels supply oxygen to muscles during prolonged physical activity. Activities such as brisk walking, running, cycling and swimming help improve CRF.  

Related: 10 Reasons Africans Should Exercise

Both muscle strength and CRF contribute to overall health by enhancing metabolism, boosting the immune system and reducing inflammation—factors that play a crucial role in cancer progression and recovery.  

Here’s How Fitness Can Make a Difference:

• Stronger Muscles Help the Body Cope with Cancer Treatment

Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation often cause muscle loss and fatigue. Patients with higher base level muscle strength can tolerate these treatments better and recover faster.

• Better Oxygen Supply Reduces Cancer Progression

Good cardiorespiratory fitness means more oxygen is delivered to tissues, improving cell function and reducing tumour growth.

• Lower Inflammation and Better Immune Function

Exercise helps reduce chronic inflammation and strengthens the immune system, which is essential for fighting cancer and preventing complications.  

• Improved Mental and Emotional Well-being

Physical activity is known to reduce stress, anxiety and depression—common challenges faced by cancer patients. A positive mental state can influence overall health and treatment outcomes.

What This Means for African Cancer Patients?

Access to high-quality cancer treatment remains a challenge in many African countries due to financial constraints, lack of specialised healthcare centres and late diagnosis. However, physical activity is an accessible and low-cost intervention that can be integrated into cancer care at any stage.

Even small lifestyle changes—such as regular walking, strength exercises using body weight or light resistance training—can make a significant difference.

Here are some practical steps for cancer patients:

• Start small: Engage in low-intensity activities such as walking or stretching before gradually increasing intensity.

• Incorporate strength training: Lifting household objects, squats or resistance band exercises can help maintain muscle strength.

• Seek guidance from healthcare professionals: Cancer patients should consult their doctors before starting any fitness programme.

Wrap Up

While medical treatment remains the cornerstone of cancer care, fitness should no longer be seen as optional. It is a powerful, accessible tool that can enhance resilience, improve treatment outcomes and ultimately save lives.

For cancer patients in Africa, where access to specialised care is often limited, prioritising physical activity could make a world of difference. Whether it is a short daily walk, simple strength exercises at home or structured workout plans guided by professionals, every effort counts. 

Healthcare providers, caregivers and policymakers must recognise the role of fitness in cancer management and integrate exercise recommendations into treatment plans. A holistic approach—combining medical care with lifestyle improvements—can give cancer patients a better fighting chance.

Source: Bettariga F, Galvao D, Taaffe D, et al.Association of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in patients diagnosed with cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. Published Online First: 21 January 2025. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108671. Abstract available from here.

Related:

• 10 Reasons African Should Exercise

• 7 Tips for Sustainable Exercise for Beginners in Africa

• Health Effects of Exercise in African Females: Myths, Facts and Benefits

• Does exercise promote general health?

• Is exercise good for heart health?

Published: February 12, 2025

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